Pioneer. A short biography of Sir John Ambrose Fleming.

The French 'R' Valve. The origins of the famous R Type

The History of the UK Valve An excellent book - a `must have'

Marconi the Pioneer Brief account of the early spark gap experiments

The Origin of the Valve. A few words from the inventor.

Osram Valves. The Early Days

The R4, R4A, R4B and R4C. A specialist WWI valve series for heterodyne receivers.

The Round Valves. A brief history of Captain Round's valves.